Life and its surroundings are constantly changing within our dynamic world. As we stride into the new millennium, information technology and biotechnology continue to flourish. Rapid economic expansion, social development, and high demands for shelter, clothing, energy, and food for our overpopulated world have resulted in a desperate need for new and yet functional materials to support society’s infrastructure. Wood or lignocellulosic-based materials have made a significant contribution to the quality of living for human beings. With new developments in wood chemistry, scientists are confident that wood will continue to play an important role in fulfilling the needs of human beings. Over the past decade, the trend of emphasizing bio-based technologies has been observed worldwide. In February 1998, a long-term development project, PlanVCrop-based Renewable Resources 2020, was implemented among the U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Energy, and many U.S. companies, agricultural associations, and universities.