On behalf of a great team of nano researchers who have been part of this exciting project, I am pleased to introduce to the scientific community a comprehensive ten volume series on Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences (NtLS), which is going to be a knowledge base of encyclopedic proportions for applications of nanotechnologies in biology, biotechnology and medicine. This is a unique series of books on an important facet of nanotechnology being presented by the nanotechnologists for the nanotechnologists. What you have in your hand is the first volume, Biofunctionalization of Nanomaterials, in this exciting series. The first volume has eleven chapters covering various aspects and techniques for functionalization of different nanomaterials with variety of biomolecules. The book begins with an exciting chapter by Michael J. Murcia and Christoph A. Naumann from the Indiana University-Purdue University, USA, which provides an overview of developments in biofunctionalization and biocompatible coating of fluorescent nanoparticles. There is an explosion of knowledge on carbon nanotubes, long, thin cylinders of carbon, discovered in 1991 by S. Iijima and the focus of their practical applications have been due to their unique physical properties such as optical, electrical, thermal, elastic behavior and so on. However, once it was demonstrated that it is possible to functionalize them with biomolecules, there has been a great interest amongst nanoresearchers to investigate their potential in life sciences.