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The toxicology of fishes
The toxicology of fishes
Date: 15 April 2011, 05:43

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Toxicology, the study of the adverse effects of chemicals, has a rich history, the bulk of which revolves around understanding the effects of poisons on humans. Michael Gallo (2001) provided an excellent and lively historical perspective on human health-oriented toxicology, including historical and literary examples of inquiry from antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Age of Enlightenment. As he noted, modern toxicology draws upon many fields of basic science; these include molecular biology, chemistry and biochemistry, genetics, organismal biology, ecology, and mathematics. Indeed, the solution to most important toxicological questions requires interdisciplinary approaches drawing on multiple forms of expertise. A distinction that has been used to categorize toxicology is biomedical vs. environmental (or ecotoxicology ), the former focusing on human health and the latter on free-living flora and fauna and their populations, communities, and supporting ecosystems.

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