The goal of this translation is to introduceThe History of the Incas [1572], by Pedro Sarmiento deGamboa, to a broad range of individuals interested in the history of the Americas. Sarmiento de Gamboa’s manuscript was written in the city ofCuzco, the former capital of the Inca Empire, at a time when the Inca Empire was still remembered by informants who had held important positions of power in it. As such,The History of the Incas is an invaluable source of information on the last and largest empire to develop in the indigenous Americas. Inspired by other recent translations of writers suchasBernabeCobo(1979, 1990), JuandeBetanzos(1996),PedrodeCieza de Leon (1998), Jose de Acosta (2002), and Tito Cusi Yupanqui (2005), we hope that this work will encourage others to explore and understand the Andean past.