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Radioactivity (Longman physics topics)
Radioactivity (Longman physics topics)
Date: 21 April 2011, 01:45

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CONTENTS I
RADIOACTIVITY 7
Evidence from cloud chambers 7
Electroscope and spark counter 12
The spinthariscope 14
The Geiger-Muller tube 14
A detective game IS
Three types of radiation 18
THE HISTORY OF RADIOACTIVITY 19
Cathode rays 19
X-rays 21
Henri Becquerel 23
Madame Curie 24
C. T. R. Wilson 25
RUTHERFORD AND THE NUCLEAR MODEL 30
The nature of alpha, beta and gamma radiation
The nuclear model of the atom 33
Radioactive series 36
HALF-LIFE 39
Statistics of counting 43
Artificial transmutation 46
The neutron 47
The positron 48
Artificial radioactivity 48
Fission 49
NUCLEA R REACTIONS
USE OF RADIOISOTOPES
Uses in medicine 52
Sterilisation 53
Uses in agriculture 54
Carbon dating 55
Uses in industry 56
Supply of radioisotopes
Conclusion 60
NOTES
61
This book is one in the series of physics background books
intended primarily for use with the Nuffield O-Ievel Physics
Project. The team of writers who have contributed to the series
were all associated with the Project. It was always intended
that the Nuffield teachers' material should be accompanied by
background books for pupils to read, and a number of such
books is being produced under the Foundation's auspices.
This series of books is intended as a supplement to the Nuffield
pupils' material: not books giving the answers to all the inves-
tigations pupils will be doing in the laboratory, certainly not
textbooks in the conventional sense, but books that are easy to
read and copiously illustrated, and which show how the prin-
ciples studied in school are applied in the outside world.
The books are such that they can be used with a conven-
tional as well as a modern physics programme. Whatever
course pupils are following, they often need straightforward
books to help clarify their knowledge, sometimes to help them
catch up on any topic they have missed in the school course.
It is hoped that this series will meet that need.
This background series will provide suitable material for
reading in homework. Each volume is divided into sections,
and the teacher may feel that one section at a time is suitable
for each homework session.
This particular book is written as a background book for the
work on radioactivity in Year V of the N uffield course, but the
material is also suitable for those studying radioactivity in con-
ventional O-level or A-level courses.

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