"Methane Gas Hydrate" by Ayhan Demirbas
Green Energy and Technology. ISSN 1865-3529, 1865-3537
Springer-Verlag | 2010 | ISBN: 1848828728 | 192 pages | PDF | 2 MB
This book is written for the field engineer working in the natural gas industry and explains how, when, and where hydrates form, and provides the knowledge necessary to apply remedies in practical applications.
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This book attempts to address the needs of energy researchers, chemical engineers, chemical engineering students, geology engineers, geology engineering students, geophysicists, gas engineers, energy resources specialists, engineers, and others interested in a practical tool for pursuing their interests in relation to energy.
Each chapter starts with basic/fundamental explanations suitable for general readers and ends with in-depth scientific details suitable for expert readers.
The expert readers will include chemists, chemical engineers, fuel engineers, geology engineers, geophysics engineers, geophysicists, gas engineers, biologists, fuel processors, policymakers, environmentalists, environmental engineers, automobile engineers, college students, and research faculty.
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Global Energy Sources
1.2 Fossil Fuel Sources
1.2.1 The History of Petroleum
1.2.2 Petroleum Refining
1.2.3 Petroleum Products and Fuels
1.2.4 Coal
1.2.5 Chemicals and Fuels from Coal
1.2.6 Natural Gas
1.2.7 Gas Hydrates
1.2.8 Oil Shale
1.2.9 Tar Sands
1.2.10 Natural Bitumen and Extra-heavy Oil
1.3 Renewable Energy Sources
1.3.1 Biomass
1.3.2 Hydropower
1.3.3 Geothermal Energy
1.3.4 Wind Energy
1.3.5 Solar Energy
1.3.6 Other Renewable Energy Sources
1.3.7 Municipal Solid Waste and Landfill Gas
1.4 Nuclear Fuel Sources
1.5 Summary
References
2 Natural Gas
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Definition and History.
2.3 Origin of Natural Gas
2.4 Natural Gas Resources.
2.5 Natural Gas Production, Consumption, and Distribution
2.6 Compressed Natural Gas
2.7 Liquefied Natural Gas
2.8 Contribution of Natural Gas to Global Warning
2.9 Use of Natural Gas
2.9.1 Industrial Uses
2.9.2 Residential Use
2.9.3 Electricity Generation using Natural Gas
2.9.4 Commercial Use
2.9.5 Natural Gas in the Transportation Sector
2.10 Importance of Natural Gas
2.11 Environmental Impacts
2.12 Summary
References
3 Gas Hydrates
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Definition
3.1.2 History
3.1.3 Gas Hydrate Origin and Formation
3.1.4 Clathrates and Crystalline Clathrate Solids
3.1.5 Storage of Hydrogen in Clathrates
3.2 Chemical Structures
3.2.1 Chemical Structure of the Water Molecule
3.2.2 Chemical Structure of the Methane Molecule
3.2.3 Crystalline Structure of Water Ice
3.2.4 Crystalline Structure of Gas Hydrate
3.3 Crystal Types of Gas Hydrates
3.3.1 Clathrate Structure I
3.3.2 Clathrate Structure II
3.3.3 Clathrate Structure H
3.4 Methane Gas Fuel
3.4.1 Combustion of Methane
3.4.2 Main Reactions of Methane
3.5 Summary
References
4 Methane Gas Hydrate: as a Natural Gas Source
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Importance of Methane Hydrates
4.3 Global Climate Change
4.3.1 Air Pollution
4.3.2 Greenhouse Effect
4.3.3 Global Warming
4.3.4 Arguments Against Global Warming
4.3.5 Kyoto Protocol
4.3.6 Carbon Credits
4.3.7 Carbon Sequestration
4.4 Effects of Methane Hydrates on Climate Change
4.5 World’s Methane Hydrate Resources
4.5.1 Gas Hydrates on the North Slope, Alaska
4.5.2 Gas Hydrates in the Gulf of Mexico
4.5.3 Gas Hydrates in Russia’s West Siberian Basin
4.5.4 Gas Hydrates in Canada
4.5.5 Projects Related to Methane Hydrates
in Japan, India, China, Malaysia, and Korea
4.5.6 A Case Study: Methane Hydrates in the Black Sea
4.6 Properties of Methane Hydrates
4.7 Methane Hydrate Stability
4.8 Facilities for Recovery of Methane from Methane Hydrate
4.8.1 Disposal of Impurities from Methane
4.8.2 Gas Hydrate Research and Development
4.9 Properties of Seawater
4.10 Summary
References.
5 Processes for Methane Production from Gas Hydrates
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Depressurization Process
5.3 Thermal Stimulation Process
5.4 Chemical Inhibitor Injection Process
5.5 Gas Hydrate Reservoirs
5.5.1 Arctic Hydrates
5.5.2 Marine Hydrates
5.6 Seafloor Drilling of the Hydrate Zone for Exploration
and Production of Methane
5.7 Possible Transportation Routes
5.8 Economic and Political Issues
5.9 Summary
References
Index
with TOC BookMarkLinks
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