Psychology in the 1990's, Volume 18: In honour of Professor Johan von Wright on his 60th birthday, March 31, 1984 | Date: 28 April 2011, 04:33
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Psychology in the 1990's, Volume 18: In honour of Professor Johan von Wright on his 60th birthday, March 31, 1984 (Advances in Psychology)
By Author Unknown
* Publisher: North Holland
* Number Of Pages: 546
* Publication Date: 1984-01-15
* ISBN-10 / ASIN: 044486881X
* ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780444868817
PREFACE
This book is a tribute t o Professor Johan Magnus von Wright,
D. Phil. (Oxon.), on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday March 31,
1984.
t o honour Johnny and his work w i t h a new book which he certainly
does not already possess. Since Johnny has been interested in futurological
questions and is also always open t o new ideas - once good
reasons can be found for them -
book would be one in which distinguished and knowledgeable scholars
deliberated on the future of our own discipline.
A good book is always a suitable birthday present. We wanted
we thought that an appropriate
We contacted Johnny's friends and colleagues who had worked w i t h
him and known him i n different parts o f the world and invited them
t o express their personal views on how psychology w i l l develop in
the future. The invitation was favourably received and most of
those contacted wished t o contribute. The present book i s the result
o f their efforts. We o f f e r these essays w i t h feelings o f warm friendship,
t o express our appreciation o f . the scientific stimulation Johnny
has given us.
We know Johnny as a creative and competent scientist and colleague,
and as a personal friend over a long period. As a teacher he has
not imposed his own line of research on his students, although the
l a t t e r - even when working in quite different fields - have acquired
a fascination for science and an understanding o f the importance
of clear and logical thinking in planning their own research.
Johnny began his university studies in post-war Helsinki, where psychology
s t i l l belonged t o philosophy and was dominated by the classical
German tradition. A f t e r obtaining his Master o f Philosophy degree,
he went t o Oxford University, where he completed a doctorate and
worked as a lecturer. Johnny's stay i n England was t o become
important f o r psychology in Finland, because through him his colleagues
and students came t o appreciate the British c r i t i c a l attitude and
concise style o f research a t their best.
Johnny has wide interests, although the area now known as cognitive
psychology has been his main line of research from the very beginning.
Between 1958 and 1983, Johnny held the chair o f Psychology a t the
University of Turku, Finland.
developed in quite a different way t o other psychology departments
in Finland. A characteristic feature has been i t s international orientation,
v i t a l l y important for a small country w i t h an exotic language.
As a consequence, modern cognitive psychology was introduced into
Finland through Johnny's department.
heavily research oriented, aiming a t an integrated functional view o f
psychology, coupled with an emphasis on the applied aspects o f psychological
knowledge. The other university in Turku, 8bo Akademi,
also started a department of psychology through Johnny's initiative.
Most o f the people presently working there have been Johnny's
students and continue in his spirit.
During this period, the small department
Today the department is
We are grateful t o a l l the authors for their contributions. We also
thank Dr. John Skinner for assistance with the English of articles not
written by native speakers, Beatrice Kvist, Lic. Phil., for drawing the
figures, Ms. Anneli Ahonen for typing the manuscript, the Academy
of Finland for i t s support with parts o f the work, and the North-
Holland Publishing Company for i t s fine cooperation.
K i r s t i Lagerspetz Pekka Niemi
CONTENTS
L i s t o f contributors ........................................................... ix
Preface ............................................................................. xi
INTRODUCTION
Kirsti M. J. Lagerspetz and Pekka Niemi ....... 1
I. WHAT PSYCHOLOGY IS ABOUT ................................... 5
EVOLUTIOYS OR REVOLUTIOYS?
Howard H. Kendler ......................................... 7
PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS FRONTIERS
Kirsti M. J. Lagerspetz .................................. 23
TOWARDS A PSYCHOLOGY BEYOND THE INDIVIDUAL
Ference Marton .............................................. 45
TOWARDS A NEOFUNCTIONALIST THEORY
OF PSYCHOLOGY?
Martti Takala ................................................. 73
ON THE SITUATIONAL CONTEXT IN
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH
David Magnusson ............................................ 95
11. THE DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY ... 107
MACHINES, ARCHITECTURE, INTELLIGENCE, AND
KNOWLEDGE: CtlANGING CONCEPTIOYS OF THE
COGNITIVE PSYC' 10LOGIST'S DATA SOURCE
Walter Reitman .............................................. 111
A MODEL OF LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE AS
RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE OF THE WDRLD
Ida Kurcz ....................................................... 133
MULTIPLE LEARNING AND MEMORY SYSTEMS
Endel Tulving .................................................
NEW FUNCTIONALISM IN MEMORY RESEARCH
Lars-Goran Nilsson .........................................
ON THE USEFULNESS OF EXPERIMENTAL
PSYCHOLOGY
Neville Moray ................................................
111. PSYCHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY ............................
NEURAL SYSTEMS AND COGNITIVE PROCESSES
Michael 1. Posner ...........................................
PROSPECTS FOR NEUROSCIENTIFIC
EXPLANATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY
Kari Y. H. Lagerspetz ...................................
EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS IN SEARCH OF
THE MYSTERY ON THE HlJMAN BRAIN: SOME
PERSPECTIVES FOR THE RESEARCH OF THE MIND
Risto Naatanen ..............................................
PSYCHOLOGY AS A MEANS OF REDUCING
STRESS AND PROMOTING HEALTH
Marianne Frankenhaeuser ...............................
IV. METHODOLOGY .........................................................
THE PROBLEM OF SUBJECTIVE INTENSITY
Lennart Sjoberg .............................................
PLEA FOR A PROCESS-ORIENTED PSYCHOLOGY
Gudrnund Smith ..............................................
BRUNSWIKIAN PSYCHOLOGY FOR THE 1990's
Berndt Brehrner ............................................. 383
FROM D'JALISM TO PLURALISM: THE THIRD
WORLD IN JUDGMENT UNDER UYCERTAINTY
Mats Bjorkman ............................................ 399
LENGTHY VERBATIM RECALL (LVR) AND THE
MYTHICAL GIFT OF TAPE-RECORDER MEMORY
Ian M. L. Hunter ........................................... 425
V. PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIETY ..................................... 447
THE INVISIBLE OBVIOUS: CULTURE IN PSYCHOLOGY
Jan Smedslund ................................................ 443
THE COMPONENTS OF LONG-TERM RELATIONSHIPS
Michael Argyle ............................................... 453
THE RESEARCH OBJECT OF PSYCHOLOGY IN
THE 1990's: HOW CHANGES IN MAN ARE REFLECTED
IN THE PSYCHOLOGY WE ARE STUDYING
Yrjo-Paavo Hayrynen ...................................... 483
PSYCHOLOGY IN THE 1990's: TRENDS,
THREATS AND CHALLENGES
A n t t i Eskola ................................................... 507
EPILOGUE: WHAT WILL PSYCHOLOGY BE
LIKE IN THE FUTURE? ................................................... 525
INDEX .............................................................................. 531
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