Marcus Aurelius : A Biography
Date: 15 April 2011, 02:04
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MARCUS AURELIUS is one of the best recorded individuals from antiquity. Even his face became more than usually familiar: the imperial coinage displayed his portrait for over forty years, from the clean-shaven young heir of Antoninus to the war-weary, heavily bearded ruler who died at his post in his late fifties. For his childhood and early youth we depend largely on anecdote and reconstruction. Then in the correspondence of his tutor Fronto, spanning nearly three decades, we have a series of vivid and revealing glimpses into the family life and preoccupations of Marcus and the court. But what made Marcus Aurelius a household name was the private notebook that he kept in his last ten years, the Meditations. The ‘philosopher in the purple’ has never lacked admirers, ancient or modern. Critics are hard to find – although the author of the Historia Augusta was able to invent a notable one, in his fictional life of Avidius Cassius. Gibbon (in 1783) paid sober tribute to a man ‘severe to himself, indulgent to the imperfection of others, just and beneficent to all mankind.’ Eighty years later, Matthew Arnold – inspired by reading a new English version of the Meditations – was unrestrained: ‘The acquaintance of a man like Marcus Aurelius is an imperishable benefit’. Marcus was ‘perhaps the most beautiful figure in history. . . . Besides him, history presents one or two other sovereigns eminent for their goodness, such as Saint Louis or Alfred. But Marcus Aurelius has, for us moderns, this great superiority in interest over Saint Louis or Alfred, that he lived and acted in a state of society modern by its essential characteristics, in an epoch akin to our own, in a brilliant centre of civilisation. . . .
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