| Date: 19 January 2011, 07:04
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Preface The Grid Computing discipline involves the actual networking services and connections of a potentially unlimited number of ubiquitous computing devices within a "grid." This new innovative approach to computing can be most simply thought of as a massively large power "utility" grid, such as the one that provides power to our homes and businesses every day. This delivery of utility-based power has become second nature to many of us, worldwide. We know that by simply walking into a room and turning on the lights, the power will be directed to the proper devices of our choice at that moment in time (on demand). In this same utility fashion, Grid Computing openly seeks, and is capable of, adding an infinite number of computing devices into any grid environment, adding to the computing capability and problem resolution tasks within the operational grid environment, and at the exact time it is needed (on demand). What is the Importance of this Book? The last few years we have witnessed the emergence of Grid Computing as an innovative extension to distributed computing technology, for computing resource sharing among participants in a virtualized collection of organizations. This technology leverages a combination of hardware/software virtualization, and the distributed sharing of those virtualized resources. These resources can include all elements of computing, including: Hardware, software, applications, networking services, pervasive devices, and complex footprints of computing power. Grid Computing is one technology enabler for some of the most innovative and powerful emerging industrial solution approaches, including the IBM On Demand strategies,1 HP utility computing,2 and Sun N1 technologies.3 The emergence of open standards has a great influence on this computing technology, especially in providing seamless Grid interoperability and Grid integration facilities. We could find that technologies of Grid Computing are still evolving; however, the alignment with industry-wide open standards, and the commercial interests, quickly placed this technology into a forerunning state for infrastructure and technology development. The most notable standard we have seen in this area of Grid is the Global Grid Forum's4 Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) initiative. Until today, most of the work in Grid Computing has been concentrated at the academic, and standards level discussion and building custom solutions. However, the emergence of commercial utility services and the requirement for alignment with the rest of the organizational computing infrastructures hasten the development of open standards and interoperable commercial Grid solutions. This book is a detailed discussion on all aspects of Grid Computing, technology, applications, disciplines, and infrastructures. In this book we provide full treatment to covering the evolution of Grid Computing, existing Grid infrastructure components, emerging Grid service standards, and Grid architectures. In addition, we will explore detailed discussions on many prominent Grid middleware solutions. What You Can Expect from This Book We, the authors of this book, hope that you will find reading this book, an interesting and thought-provoking experience. In this book, we are introducing you to the basic Grid Computing principles, and to the emerging technology standards for Grid Computing. Readers will find this discussion interesting with a progressive evolution of technologies, discussed in this book in a concise, hard-hitting, and to-the-point fashion. We believe this will help the readers clearly understand the basic Grid Computing principles, the existing/emerging Grid standards, and their various usages models. We must be aware that the Grid standards are complex with a number of interrelations among themselves and other emerging standards such as XML and Web services. As we will see, this is a fast moving target and we should try to focus on this fact, early, so that we won't miss the opportunity to create Grid services and infrastructures suitable for each of our respective organizations or Grid initiatives. In general, this book will explore: The basic concepts of Grid Computing: Grid Computing discipline has been evolving over the past few years as a means of immense computing power and distributed data sharing facilities. We will discuss the many core aspects of these infrastructure components, and the high-level services built upon the Grid infrastructure as networking services. How the Grid Computing is evolving as an open standard for resource sharing: The Grid Computing discipline is evolving. The focus is now on seamless interoperability and integration among participants of the Grid for better resources sharing. This is exceptionally challenging and a number of organizations are working collectively to provide an open and extensible standard and test beds for the Grid. The influence of emerging technology standards on Grid infrastructure: Computing is always involving some process and form of evolution. New software standards and architectures are continually evolving to meet the requirements of global industries. The most notable and latest in this row are the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and the XML/Web services standards. These architectures and standards, as the reader will soon see, have tremendous influence in the emerging open Grid Computing standards. The new Grid architecture and infrastructure: Based on the experience drawn form earlier Grid infrastructures, implementations, and the influence of the emerging open standards and technologies, the Grid computing standards organizations are designing an Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA), and Open Grid Service Infrastructure (OGSI) for Grid computing. These important contributions will soon become the core platform for all the next generation Grid Computing technologies. The most prominent toolkits and middleware solutions that will impact the Grid adoption: These open standards and technologies are not enough; we need real middleware solutions and high-level services using these standards and technologies. The most prominent middleware technology that exists today is Globus Toolkit.5 We will explore the details on this toolkit's robust architecture, and programming model capabilities to enable the latest Grid standards on the OGSI. In addition, we will explore some architectural concepts of the OGSI.NET6 toolkit, another notable implementation of the OGSI standard. How this Book is Organized This book contains 15 chapters, which are organized into five parts. style="font-weight: bold; ">Part I-;Grid Computing Part 1 consists of Chapter 1. Chapter 1 provides a detailed but high-level introduction to the Grid Computing evolution, the applications, and the infrastructure requirements for any Grid environment. In addition, this chapter discusses Grid Computing disciplines, and the factors developers and service providers must consider during the implementation phases. style="font-weight: bold; ">Part 2-;Grid Computing Worldwide Initiatives Part 2 consists of Chapter 2, Chapter 3, and Chapter 4. This part is more on defining Grid Computing, its evolution, the factors that are affecting these evolutions and the organizations that are influencing/deciding the adoption of this new technology. In addition, we will see a general-purpose architecture solution for the emerging Grid Computing infrastructure and a road map for Grid Computing technology initiatives. Chapter 2: "Grid Computing Organizations and Their Roles." There are a number of organizations from various industry sectors including scientific research, commercial, and standards organizations that are affecting the Grid Computing adoptions, infrastructure development, testing, standardization, and guideline developments. This chapter introduces us to the major plays in the Grid world. Chapter 3: "The Grid Computing Anatomy." This chapter defines the problems of coordinated resource sharing, the concepts of virtual organization formation, and a protocol architecture solution for the Grid problems. In addition, this chapter examines the Grid in relation with other distributed technologies such as Web, object-oriented, distributed technologies, service provider's frameworks, clusters, and peer-to-peer computing. Chapter 4: "The Grid Computing Road Map" is a brief. Here we will be discussing the current and prominent technology initiatives that are affecting the recent Grid Computing revolution. Some of the prominent technology initiatives that are acting as catalysts to the evolution are Business On Demand environments, autonomic computing, service oriented architectures and semantic Grid. style="font-weight: bold; ">Part 3-;The New Generation of Grid Computing Applications Part 3 consists of Chapter 5. In this part we will explore the technology constructs of the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) that will set the stage for the new generation of Grid Computing applications. Chapter 5: "Merging the Grid Service Architecture with the Web Service Architecture." This is an extensive chapter, which defines the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and it's respective implementations, Web and Web services. Our discussion on Web services covers the details on extensible Markup Language (XML), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), and Web Service Description Language (WSDL 1.1/1.2). In addition, we will explore the details of Global XML Architecture (GXA) and some emerging standards (WS-Security, WS-Policy, WS-Addressing). Another notable area covered in the chapter is the Web service interoperability (WS-I) basic profile and the tools to assert the interoperability validations. We will end the chapter with a detailed discussion on Web service state management, the concepts around stateful interactions/applications, and how Grid networking services relate to stateful Web services. style="font-weight: bold; ">Part 4-;The Grid Computing Technological Viewpoints Part 4 consists of Chapter 6, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, Chapter 9, and Chapter 10. This part introdu...
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