Dynamic Mechanical Analysis: A Practical Introduction
| Date: 06 May 2011, 20:26
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Although dynamical mechanical analysis or spectroscopy has left the domain of the rheologist and has become a prevalent tool in the analytical laboratory, it is still common to hear, "What is DMA, and what will it tell me?" or "I think I could use a DMA, but I cannot justify its cost." Previously, the novice in the field had to sort through texts on thermal analysis, rheology, and materials science just to find basic information - until now. This book provides the chemist, chemical engineer, or materials scientist with a starting point to understand the applications of dynamic mechanical analysis, its workings, and its advantages and limitations. Discussions include: rheological concepts stress-strain data handling experimental techniques and considerations test methods, such as frequency sweeps and time-temperature curves data analysis
Review
The author of this book has taught many short courses on DMA and this shows in his bookThis reviewer found the last chapter, on the section on the application of DMA to real problems to be very usefulThis book should be quite useful to someone who is just beginning to do thermal methods and wants to include DMA among the methods used.
-Charles A. Wilkie, Marquette University,Polymer News
it is also a practical book for engineers and scientists already working in industry.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
An Introduction to Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
1.1 A Brief History of DMA
1.2 Basic Principles
1.3 Sample Applications
1.4 Creep-Recovery Testing
1.5 Odds and Ends
Notes
Chapter 2
Basic Rheological Concepts: Stress, Strain, and Flow
2.1 Force, Stress, and Deformation
2.2 Applying the Stress
2.3 Hooke's Law: Defining the Elastic Response
2.4 Liquid-Like Flow or the Viscous Limit
2.5 Another Look at the Stress-Strain Curves
Appendix 2.1 Conversion Factors
Notes
Chapter 3
Rheology Basics: Creep-Recovery and Stress Relaxation
3.1 Creep-Recovery Testing
3.2 Models to Describe Creep-Recovery Behavior
3.3 Analyzing a Creep-Recovery Curve to Fit the Four-Element Model
3.4 Analyzing a Creep Experiment for Practical Use
3.5 Other Variations on Creep Tests
3.6 A Quick Look at Stress Relaxation Experiments
3.7 Superposition - The Boltzmann Principle
3.8 Retardation and Relaxation Times
3.9 Structure-Property Relationships in Creep-Recovery Tests
3.10 Thermomechanical Analysis
Notes
Chapter 4
Dynamic Testing
4.1 Applying a Dynamic Stress to a Sample
4.2 Calculating Various Dynamic Properties
4.3 Instrumentation for DMA Tests
4.3.1 Forced Resonance Analyzers
4.3.2 Stress and Strain Control
4.3.3 Axial and Torsional Deformation
4.3.4 Free Resonance Analyzers
4.4 Fixtures or Testing Geometries
4.4.1 Axial
4.4.2 Torsional
4.5 Calibration Issues
4.6 Dynamic Experiments
Appendix 4.1 Calibration and Verification of an Instrument
Notes
Chapter 5
Time-Temperature Scans: Transitions in Polymers
5.1 Time and Temperature Scanning in the DMA
5.2 Transitions in Polymers: Overview
5.3 Sub-Tg Transitions
5.4 The Glass Transition (Tg or Ta)
5.5 The Rubbery Plateau, Ta* and TII
5.6 The Terminal Region
5.7 Frequency Dependencies in Transition Studies
5.8 Practice Problems and Applications
5.9 Time-Based Studies
5.10 Conclusions
Notes
Chapter 6
Time and Temperature Studies: Thermosets
6.1 Thermosetting Materials: A Review
6.2 Study of Curing Behavior in the DMA: Cure Profiles
6.3 Photo-Curing
6.4 Modeling Cure Cycles
6.5 Isothermal Curing Studies
6.6 Kinetics by DMA
6.7 Mapping Thermoset Behavior: The Gilham-Enns Diagram
6.8 QC Approaches to Thermoset Characterization
6.9 Post-Cure Studies
6.10 Conclusions
Notes
Chapter 7
Frequency Scans
7.1 Methods of Performing a Frequency Scan
7.2 Frequency Effects on Materials
7.3 The Deborah Number
7.4 Frequency Effects on Solid Polymers
7.5 Frequency Effects during Curing Studies
7.6 Frequency Studies on Polymer Melts
7.7 Normal Forces and Elasticity
7.8 Master Curves and Tim
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