Automotive Lubricant Testing and Advanced Additive Development | Date: 28 April 2011, 08:58
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Automotive Lubricant Testing and Advanced Additive Development (ASTM Stock Number)
By Simon Tung
* Publisher: ASTM International
* Number Of Pages: 143
* Publication Date: 2008-01
* ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0803145055
* ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780803145054
Overview
This book represents the work of several authors at the 1st Symposium organized by D02 to focus
on automotive lubricant testing and advanced additive development. This symposium was held at
Lake Buena Vista, Florida, in conjunction with the meeting in December 2006 of the ASTM D02
sub-committee “Fuels & Lubricants”.
In order to help automotive industry meet lower emission standards, higher fuel economy goals,
and loger drain intervals associated with a minimization of any adverse effects of lubricants to
the environment, the petroleum industries and the additive suppliers are developing low SAPS
sulfated ash, phosphorus and sulfur and high tribological performance lubricants to meet these
challenges. New developments in powertrain system design and advanced additive formulation
are essential in addressing these problems. This ASTM symposium has provided an outstanding
forum to discuss how OEMs and lubricant companies are solving real engineering problems to
increase fuel economy and meet emissions legislation together. This symposium publication is
focused on both the chemical and tribological aspects of the functional performance of automotive
lubricant and testing. In this symposium, recent advances in additive and base oil chemistry
and function have been covered in details; product formulation for engine performance and the
link between additive chemistry and emissions have been discussed. Tribological performance
issues such as fuel economy retention, wear protection and friction reduction as well as their
retention over drain, engine durability, and future challenges, including advanced powertrain
developments, new lubricant test methods outside of the application, lubricant formulations, and
correlation between lubricant formulation and engine performance are the key subjects.
Papers and presentations are targeted to provide a comprehensive overview of various lubrication
test methods for a typical engine system including the oxidation tests for screening antioxidants
and base oils, bench wear tests, engine sequence test development, and oil condition monitoring
techniques, as well as the major technical issues on lubricant degradation and the surface mechanisms
of ZDDP tribofilms interacted with advanced DLC coatings.
Several papers describes the low SAP lubricant development and testing, the impact of additive
and base oil on engine oil characteristics, the current industrial standard tests methods for
lubricant oxidation stability, surface pitting, and alternative engine oil development. Some of the
papers discuss the synergistic effects of lubricant additive formulation and surface coatings while
others concentrated on the coverage of various surface engineering applicators in practice.
This particular surface engineering area continues to be the major activity of many industrial
researchers.
As in the past ASTM lubricant symposium lubricant formulation technology was always a
critical focus theme. This ASTM symposium was no exception. The diversity demonstrated in
this symposium exemplified the critical role of the lubricant formulation issues which was
influenced by recent automotive hardware changes. Papers ranged from a discussion of low SAP
lubricants and validation of oxidation stability for factory fill and alternative engine oils used in
new automotive emission system. Impact of emission regulations and hardware changes on
lubricant formulations also was discussed this symposium. In addition, the additive development
addressing surface interaction studies between advanced materials and lubricants plays an important
role for automotive hardware changes.
Foreword
This publication, Automotive Lubricant Testing and Advanced Additive Development,
contains peer reviewed papers from the above symposium, organized by committee
D02, in December, 2006 at Lake Buena Vista, Florida. This symposium was in conjunction
with the D02 sub-committee “Fuels and Lubricants”. The symposium Co-Chairs
were Dr. Simon Tung, General Motors, Warren, MI, Mr. Bernard Kinker, Rhomax, USA,
Horsham, PA, and Dr. Mathias Woydt, BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and
Testing, Berlin, Germany.
Contents
Overview vii
A Review of Engine Oil Oxidation Bench Tests and Their Application in the Screening
of New Antioxidant Systems for Low Phosphorus Engine Oils—V. GATTO,
W. MOEHLE, E SCHNELLER, T. BURRIS, T. COBB, AND M. FEATHERSTONE 1
Viscometric Temperature Sensitivity of Engine Lubricants at Low Temperature
and Moderately High Shear Conditions—K. O. HENDERSON AND C. P. MAGGI 14
No/Low SAP and Alternative Engine Oil Development and Testing—M. WOYDT 35
Synergistic Tribological Performances of Borate Additive in Lubricants—J.-Q. HU,
Y.-Q. HU, G.-L. LIU, AND Y.-H. MA 48
The ‘‘Practice Relevant Pitting Test’’—A New Improved Test Method to Evaluate
the Influence of Lubricants on the Pitting Load Capacity of Case
Carburized Gears—B.-R. HOHN, P. OSTER, T. RADEV, AND T. TOBIE 57
ROBO—A Bench Procedure to Replace Sequence IIIGA Engine Test—B. G. KINKER,
R. ROMASZEWSKI, AND P. A. PALMER 66
Mechanochemical Additive-Assisted Reconditioning Effects and Mechanism on Worn
Ferrous Surfaces
—J. YUANSHENG, Y. HE, AND L. SHENGHUA 79
Study of the ZDDP Antiwear Tribofilm Formed on the DLC Coating Using AFM
and XPS Techniques—T. HAQUE, A. MORINA, A. NEVILLE, R. KAPADIA,
AND S. ARROWSMITH 92
Validation of Oxidative Stability of Factory Fill and Alternative Engine Oils Using
the Iron Catalyzed Oxidation Test
—E. FITAMEN, L. TIQUET, AND M. WOYDT 103
Additive and Base Oil Effects in Automatic Particle Counters—P. W. MICHAEL,
T. S. WANKE, AND M. A. MCCAMBRIDGE 109
Design of Functionalized PAMA Viscosity Modifiers to Reduce Friction and Wear
in Lubricating Oils—M. MULLER, J. FAN, AND H. SPIKES 116
Surface Characterization Techniques in Wear of Materials—K. MIYOSHI, K. ISHIBASHI,
AND M. SUZUKI 126
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