An Introduction To The Study Of Wave Mechanics - ISBN:1443723193

An Introduction To The Study Of Wave Mechanics

Date: 30 April 2011, 10:38

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GENERAL INTRODUCTION:The new wave mechanics has received during the past two years the firm support of experiment, thanks to the discovery of a striking phenomenon completely unknown previously, viz. the diffraction of electrons by crystals. From one point of view it may be said that this discovery is the exact counterpart of the older discovery of the photo electric effect, since it shows that for matter as for light we have hitherto neglected one of the aspects of physical reality. The discovery of the photo-electric effect has taught us that the undulatory theory of light, firmly established by Fresnel and subsequently developed by Maxwell as the electro magnetic theory, although it contains a large body of truth, is, nevertheless, insufficient, and that it is necessary, in a certain sense, to turn again to the corpuscular conception of light proposed by Newton. Planck, in his famous theory of black body radiation, was led to assume that radiation of frequency v is always emitted and absorbed in equal and finite quantities, in quanta of magnitude hv, h being the constant with which the name of Planck will always be associated. In order to explain the photo-electric effect, Einstein had only to adopt the hypothesis, which is quite in conformity with the ideas of Planck, that light consists of corpuscles and that the energy of the cor puscles of light of frequency v is hv. When a light corpuscle in its passage through matter encounters an electron at rest, it can impart o it its energy hv and the electron thus set in 1 This introduction is the reproduction of a communication made by the author at the meeting of the British Association for the Advance ment of Science held in Glasgow in September, 1928, 1 2 An Introduction to the Study of Wave Mechanics motion will leave the matter with kinetic energy equal in amount to the difference between the energy hv, which it has received, and the work it has had to expend to get out of the matter. Now, this is precisely the experimental law of the photo-electric effect in the form which has been verified in succession for all the radiations from the ultra-violet region to X-and y-rays

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