Since Selman Waksman’s discovery of streptomycin in 1944, aminoglycosides have been at the forefront of antibacterial drug treatment. Advances in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry, coupled with other technological advances in nucleic acid synthesis, biochemistry and structure analysis have led to a substantial increase in aminoglycoside research among both chemists and biochemists. While by no means exhaustive, this endeavor attempts to chronicle the advances made in aminoglycoside-related work over the last two decades to assist new researchers in the field of aminoglycoside research while also offering a reference guide for the expert. Any omission of work is unintentional and due partly to the time constraints always present in such a venture.